[[QUICK_REFERENCE]]

[[标签分配方案]]

以及配套的 [[type-standards]]

具体列表位于 [[Pre-defined Tags]]

name: hierarchical-tagging description: Hierarchical tag system based on library classification principles for content classification. Use when the user asks to tag, categorize, or label content (files, bookmarks, notes, articles, books, documents, etc.) or when they want to organize information using tags. Also use when user asks to suggest tags, review existing tags, or improve tag organization.

Hierarchical Tagging System (Library Classification Based)

A structured knowledge domain classification system following library science principles with two-level hierarchy, based on established library classification standards.

Classification Principles

Based on library classification standards:

Single Criterion: Each level uses ONE classification standard
- Level 1: By knowledge/practice domain (what the content is about)
- Level 2: By subdomain within that field
Exhaustive Coverage: Child categories fully cover parent category
- No gaps in coverage
- No content falls outside the system
Mutual Exclusivity: Categories at same level don’t overlap
- Each item belongs to ONE primary domain
- No sibling categories are compatible concepts

Tag Structure

Format: domain/subdomain

Level 1: Broad knowledge domain (follows established library classification)
Level 2: Specific subdomain (stops at second level)
Uncertainty: Use top-level only when subdomain unclear

Level 1: Knowledge Domains

Based on standard library classification with user-specific additions:

philosophy/              # Philosophy - fundamental questions
religion/                # Religion - religious studies, theology
occultism/              # Occultism - esoteric, mystical traditions
psychology/             # Psychology - human mind and behavior
psychoanalysis/         # Psychoanalysis - psychoanalytic theory and practice
social-science/         # Social Sciences - human society
natural-science/        # Natural Sciences - natural phenomena
formal-science/         # Formal Sciences - abstract structures
medical-science/        # Medicine - human health
engineering/            # Engineering - technical implementation
applied-arts/           # Applied Arts - functional artistic creation
fine-arts/             # Fine Arts - aesthetic artistic creation
linguistics/            # Linguistics - study of language itself
literature/             # Literature - literary creation and study
life-practice/          # Life Practice - daily life skills
history/                # History - study of past events

Critical Definition: literature/

literature/ = Literary creation AND literary studies

✅ Included:

Fictional works: novels, short stories, poetry, drama
Literary criticism and theory
Literary movements and styles
Textual analysis

❌ NOT included (classify by content domain):

Political essays → social-science/politics
Philosophical essays → philosophy/[subdomain]
Travel writing → life-practice/travel
Biographies → relevant domain or history/
Product reviews → life-practice/consumption
News articles → social-science/communication

Core principle: Classify by CONTENT, not by WRITING STYLE

Level 2: Subdomain Examples

philosophy/

philosophy/metaphysics          # Metaphysics, ontology
philosophy/epistemology         # Theory of knowledge
philosophy/ethics              # Moral philosophy
philosophy/logic               # Philosophical logic
philosophy/aesthetics          # Philosophy of beauty and art
philosophy/political           # Political philosophy
philosophy/mind                # Philosophy of mind
philosophy/language            # Philosophy of language
philosophy/eastern             # Eastern philosophy traditions
philosophy/western             # Western philosophy traditions

religion/

religion/christianity          # Christianity
religion/islam                 # Islam
religion/buddhism             # Buddhism
religion/hinduism             # Hinduism
religion/judaism              # Judaism
religion/comparative          # Comparative religion
religion/theology             # Theology
religion/history              # Religious history

occultism/

occultism/mysticism           # Mysticism
occultism/esotericism         # Esoteric traditions
occultism/magic               # Magical practices
occultism/alchemy             # Alchemy
occultism/divination          # Divination, tarot, astrology
occultism/hermetic            # Hermetic tradition

psychology/

psychology/cognitive          # Cognitive psychology
psychology/developmental      # Developmental psychology
psychology/social            # Social psychology
psychology/clinical          # Clinical psychology
psychology/behavioral        # Behavioral psychology
psychology/experimental      # Experimental psychology

psychoanalysis/

psychoanalysis/freudian       # Freudian psychoanalysis
psychoanalysis/jungian        # Jungian analytical psychology
psychoanalysis/lacanian       # Lacanian psychoanalysis
psychoanalysis/object-relations # Object relations theory
psychoanalysis/contemporary   # Contemporary psychoanalytic theory

social-science/politics             # Political science, commentary, analysis
social-science/economics            # Economics, economic commentary
social-science/sociology            # Sociology
social-science/anthropology         # Anthropology
social-science/law                 # Law, legal analysis
social-science/education           # Education studies
social-science/communication       # Communication, media, journalism
social-science/geography           # Human geography

Key: Political commentary, economic analysis, social critiques belong here regardless of writing style.

natural-science/

natural-science/physics            # Physics
natural-science/chemistry          # Chemistry
natural-science/biology           # Biology
natural-science/earth-science     # Earth sciences, geology
natural-science/astronomy         # Astronomy, cosmology
natural-science/ecology           # Ecology, environmental science

formal-science/

formal-science/mathematics        # Mathematics
formal-science/logic             # Formal logic, symbolic logic
formal-science/statistics        # Statistics
formal-science/computer-science  # Theoretical computer science

medical-science/

medical-science/clinical        # Clinical medicine
medical-science/surgery         # Surgery
medical-science/pharmacology    # Pharmacology
medical-science/public-health   # Public health, epidemiology
medical-science/psychiatry      # Psychiatry (medical approach)

engineering/

engineering/software             # Software engineering
engineering/electrical           # Electrical engineering
engineering/mechanical           # Mechanical engineering
engineering/civil               # Civil engineering
engineering/chemical            # Chemical engineering
engineering/information         # Information technology (applied CS)

applied-arts/

applied-arts/design             # Graphic, product, UI/UX design
applied-arts/architecture       # Architecture
applied-arts/fashion            # Fashion design
applied-arts/photography        # Applied/commercial photography
applied-arts/craft             # Applied crafts

fine-arts/

fine-arts/painting              # Painting
fine-arts/sculpture             # Sculpture
fine-arts/music                # Music
fine-arts/dance                # Dance
fine-arts/theater              # Theater performance
fine-arts/film                 # Cinema
fine-arts/photography          # Art photography
fine-arts/critique             # Art criticism

literature/

Second level organized by genre/movement/style for creative works, or by literary study approach

literature/fiction              # General fiction, novels
literature/poetry              # Poetry
literature/drama               # Drama, plays, scripts

# Genres/Styles (creative works)
literature/realism             # Realist literature
literature/romanticism         # Romantic literature
literature/modernism           # Modernist literature
literature/postmodernism       # Postmodernist literature
literature/magical-realism     # Magical realism
literature/gothic              # Gothic literature
literature/sci-fi              # Science fiction literature
literature/fantasy             # Fantasy literature
literature/mystery             # Mystery, detective fiction

# Literary Studies (critical/analytical works)
literature/critique            # Literary criticism
literature/theory              # Literary theory
literature/comparative         # Comparative literature
literature/narratology         # Narratology, narrative theory

Usage guideline:

Creative works → Use genre/movement (e.g., literature/modernism)
Critical/analytical works → Use study approach (e.g., literature/critique, literature/theory)
When uncertain about specific genre/movement → Use general form (e.g., literature/fiction, literature/poetry)

life-practice/

life-practice/gastronomy            # Cooking, recipes, restaurant reviews
life-practice/consumption           # Product reviews, shopping, consumerism
life-practice/dwelling             # Housing, interior, gardening
life-practice/health               # Daily health (non-medical)
life-practice/fitness              # Exercise, sports
life-practice/finance              # Personal finance
life-practice/relationships        # Interpersonal relationships
life-practice/parenting            # Parenting, childcare
life-practice/travel               # Travel, tourism

history/

Reorganized to avoid duplication across other domains

history/ancient                 # Ancient history (pre-500 CE)
history/medieval                # Medieval history (500-1500 CE)
history/modern                  # Modern history (1500-1900)
history/contemporary            # Contemporary history (1900+)
history/local                   # Local/regional history
history/thematic                # Thematic history (intellectual, scientific, etc.)
history/biography               # Historical biographies

Key principle: Use history/ for historical studies. For contemporary subjects, use their domain (e.g., current politics → social-science/politics, not history/)

linguistics/

linguistics/phonetics           # Phonetics, phonology
linguistics/syntax              # Syntax
linguistics/semantics           # Semantics
linguistics/pragmatics          # Pragmatics
linguistics/comparative         # Comparative linguistics
linguistics/applied             # Applied linguistics, language teaching
linguistics/historical          # Historical linguistics

Domain Boundaries & Special Cases

psychology/ vs psychoanalysis/

psychology/: Scientific, empirical approaches to studying mind and behavior
psychoanalysis/: Psychoanalytic theory, unconscious processes, therapeutic practice based on psychoanalytic tradition

religion/ vs occultism/

religion/: Organized religions, theology, religious practices
occultism/: Esoteric, mystical, and occult traditions (often outside mainstream religion)

psychology/ vs medical-science/psychiatry

psychology/: Non-medical study of mind and behavior
medical-science/psychiatry: Medical treatment of mental disorders

philosophy/mind vs psychology/

philosophy/mind: Philosophical questions about consciousness, mental states
psychology/: Empirical study of mental processes and behavior

history/thematic vs domain-specific history

Use history/thematic for:

History of science → history/thematic (not natural-science/history)
History of philosophy → history/thematic (not philosophy/history)
Intellectual history → history/thematic

This avoids creating “/history” subdivisions under every domain.

Tagging Workflow

Identify content subject: What is this primarily about?
Determine domain: Which Level 1 category matches the subject?
Assess specificity: Can you confidently identify the subdomain?
Assign tag:
- Confident → Full path: domain/subdomain
- Uncertain → Top-level: domain
Validate: Does this help retrieval? Is it the most accurate fit?

Common Tagging Scenarios

Scenario 1: Political Commentary Article

Content: Opinion piece on recent election
Tag: social-science/politics
Reasoning: Classify by CONTENT (politics), not form (article/commentary)

Scenario 2: Restaurant Review

Content: Review of a local restaurant
Tag: life-practice/gastronomy
Reasoning: Practical dining experience, part of life practice

Scenario 3: Smartphone Review

Content: Detailed tech review of new phone
Tag: life-practice/consumption OR engineering/information (if highly technical)
Reasoning: Consumer-focused → life practice; Engineering-focused → engineering

Scenario 4: Film Criticism

Content: Analysis of a movie’s artistic techniques
Tag: fine-arts/critique OR fine-arts/film
Reasoning: Artistic criticism belongs in fine arts

Scenario 5: Modernist Novel

Content: James Joyce’s “Ulysses”
Tag: literature/modernism
Reasoning: Creative work tagged by literary movement/style

Scenario 6: Literary Theory Book

Content: Book on narratology
Tag: literature/narratology OR literature/theory
Reasoning: Literary studies work

Scenario 7: Psychoanalytic Case Study

Content: Freudian analysis of a patient
Tag: psychoanalysis/freudian
Reasoning: Psychoanalytic practice and theory

Scenario 8: Religious Text Commentary

Content: Commentary on Buddhist sutras
Tag: religion/buddhism
Reasoning: Religious studies content

Scenario 9: Tarot Guide

Content: Book on tarot card reading
Tag: occultism/divination
Reasoning: Divination practice within occultism

Scenario 10: History of Science

Content: Book on scientific revolution
Tag: history/thematic
Reasoning: Historical study of intellectual/scientific development

Scenario 11: Cognitive Science Paper

Content: Research on memory formation
Tag: psychology/cognitive
Reasoning: Scientific psychological research

Scenario 12: Philosophy of Mind Essay

Content: Essay on consciousness
Tag: philosophy/mind
Reasoning: Philosophical inquiry, not empirical psychology

Scenario 13: Travel Essay

Content: Personal travel narrative
Tag: life-practice/travel
Reasoning: Non-fiction prose classified by content

Scenario 14: Scientist Biography

Content: Biography of Einstein
Tag: history/biography OR natural-science/physics
Reasoning: Can use either depending on emphasis

Scenario 15: Contemporary Politics

Content: Analysis of current political situation
Tag: social-science/politics
Reasoning: Current events → use domain, not history/contemporary

Edge Cases

Cross-disciplinary Content

When content genuinely spans multiple domains, choose the PRIMARY focus:

“Philosophy of Religion” → philosophy/ OR religion/ (judge by approach)
“History of Psychoanalysis” → history/thematic OR psychoanalysis/ (judge by emphasis)
“Bioethics” → philosophy/ethics OR medical-science/ (judge by approach)
“Psychology of Religion” → psychology/ OR religion/ (judge by primary methodology)

Uncertain Subdomain

When subdomain is unclear, use top-level:

Political content but unclear aspect → social-science/politics OR just social-science
General philosophy introduction → philosophy
Mixed literary genres → literature

Historical vs Contemporary

Historical study → history/[period] or history/thematic
Contemporary topic → Use domain (e.g., social-science/politics)
Biography of historical figure → history/biography
Biography of living person → Relevant domain

Tag Expansion Guidelines

Before creating new subdomains:

Verify alignment with library classification standards
Ensure 5+ items warrant the subdivision
Check it doesn’t overlap with existing subdomains
Maintain mutual exclusivity with sibling categories
Document the new subdomain clearly

Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Mixing form and content: “This is an essay, so literature” → NO, classify by content
❌ Over-specificity: Creating three-level tags → Stop at level 2
❌ Form-based tags: “review”, “essay”, “article” as primary classification → Classify by content domain
❌ Redundant tagging: Using both social-science AND social-science/politics → Use specific only
❌ Wrong literature usage: Political essay as literature → NO, use social-science/politics
❌ Historical confusion: Current events as history → NO, use relevant domain; history is for historical studies
❌ Domain duplication: Creating natural-science/history → NO, use history/thematic

Summary: Classification Logic

Content Type	Classification Logic	Example Tag
Political essay	By subject (politics)	`social-science/politics`
Product review	By practical domain	`life-practice/consumption`
Film critique	By art form	`fine-arts/critique`
Modernist novel	By literary movement	`literature/modernism`
Literary theory	By critical approach	`literature/theory`
Psychoanalytic work	By psychoanalytic school	`psychoanalysis/[school]`
Religious text	By religion	`religion/[religion]`
Occult practice	By occult tradition	`occultism/[tradition]`
Psychology research	By subfield	`psychology/[subfield]`
Travel writing	By practical domain	`life-practice/travel`
Biography	By subject’s field or period	`history/biography` or domain
History of X	By historical approach	`history/thematic`

Key Principle

Always classify by WHAT THE CONTENT IS ABOUT, not HOW IT IS WRITTEN.

Writing style (essay, article, review, commentary) does NOT determine classification
Subject matter and knowledge domain DO determine classification
For literature: creative works by genre/movement; critical works by study approach
Historical studies use history/; contemporary topics use their domain

Hierarchical Tagging System (Library Classification Based)#

Classification Principles#

Tag Structure#

Level 1: Knowledge Domains#

Critical Definition: literature/#

Level 2: Subdomain Examples#

philosophy/#

religion/#

occultism/#

psychology/#

psychoanalysis/#

social-science/#

natural-science/#

formal-science/#

medical-science/#

engineering/#

applied-arts/#

fine-arts/#

literature/#

life-practice/#

history/#

linguistics/#

Domain Boundaries & Special Cases#

psychology/ vs psychoanalysis/#

religion/ vs occultism/#

psychology/ vs medical-science/psychiatry#

philosophy/mind vs psychology/#

history/thematic vs domain-specific history#

Tagging Workflow#

Common Tagging Scenarios#

Scenario 1: Political Commentary Article#

Scenario 2: Restaurant Review#

Scenario 3: Smartphone Review#

Scenario 4: Film Criticism#

Scenario 5: Modernist Novel#

Scenario 6: Literary Theory Book#

Scenario 7: Psychoanalytic Case Study#

Scenario 8: Religious Text Commentary#

Scenario 9: Tarot Guide#

Scenario 10: History of Science#

Scenario 11: Cognitive Science Paper#

Scenario 12: Philosophy of Mind Essay#

Scenario 13: Travel Essay#

Scenario 14: Scientist Biography#

Scenario 15: Contemporary Politics#

Edge Cases#

Cross-disciplinary Content#

Uncertain Subdomain#

Historical vs Contemporary#

Tag Expansion Guidelines#

Common Mistakes to Avoid#

Summary: Classification Logic#

Key Principle#